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Civil Servants for the East India Company used to be nominated by the Directors
of the Company and thereafter trained at Haileybury College in London and then sent to
India. Following Lord Macaulay’s Report of the Select Committee of British Parliament,
the concept of a merit based modern Civil Service in India was introduced in 1854. The
Report recommended that patronage based system of East India Company should be
replaced by a permanent Civil Service based on a merit based system with entry
through competitive examinations. For this purpose, a Civil Service Commission was
setup in 1854 in London and competitive examinations were started in 1855. Initially,
the examinations for Indian Civil Service were conducted only in London. Maximum age
was 23 years and minimum age was 18 years. The syllabus was designed such that
European Classics had a predominant share of marks. All this made it difficult for Indian
candidates. Nevertheless, in 1864, the first Indian, Shri Satyendranath Tagore brother
of Shri Rabindaranath Tagore succeeded. Three years later 4 other Indians succeeded.
Throughout the next 50 years, Indians petitioned for simultaneous examinations to be
held in India without success because the British Government did not want many
Indians to succeed and enter the ICS. It was only after the First World War and the
Montagu Chelmsford reforms that this was agreed to. From 1922 onwards the Indian
Civil Service Examination began to be held in India also, first in Allahabad and later in
Delhi with the setting up of the Federal Public Service Commission. The Examination in
London continued to be conducted by the Civil Service Commission.
Similarly, prior to independence superior police officers belonged to the Indian (Imperial)
Police appointed by the Secretary of State by competitive examination. The first open
competition for the service was held in England in June, 1893, and 10 top candidates
were appointed as Probationary Assistant Superintendents of Police. Entry into Imperial
Police was thrown open to Indians only after 1920 and the following year examinations
for the service were conducted both in England and India. Indianisation of the police
service continued to be very slow despite pronouncement and recommendations of the
Islington Commission and the Lee Commission. Till 1931, Indians were appointed
against 20% of the total posts of Superintendents of Police. However, because of non
availability of the suitable European candidates, more Indians were appointed to the
Indian Police from the year 1939 onwards.
Regarding Forest Service, British India Government started the Imperial Forest
Department in 1864 and to organize the affairs of the Imperial Forest Department,
Imperial Forest Service was constituted in 1867. From 1867 to 1885, the officers
appointed to Imperial Forest Service were trained in France and Germany. Till 1905,
they were trained at Coopers Hill, London. In 1920, it was decided that further
recruitment to the Imperial Forest Service would be made by direct recruitment in
England and India and by promotion from the provincial service in India. After
independence, the Indian Forest Service was created in 1966 under All India Service
Act 1951.
